In a groundbreaking study published in the journal Science, researchers have made significant strides in understanding the potential for powerful solar events known as superflares, which could pose risks to Earth and its technological systems. The study indicates that sun-like stars produce these colossal bursts approximately once every century—a startling frequency that is much higher than previously believed.
The sun, known for its dynamic nature, regularly unleashes bursts of radiation powerful enough to equate to millions of volcanic eruptions. These eruptions release hot plasma that streams particles into space, which can be harmful to astronauts and satellites, as well as potentially causing disruptions to electrical systems on the ground. Additionally, when these particles interact with Earth’s atmosphere, they create spectacular displays of colourful lights.
However, scientists have also observed superflares from other stars, which can unleash energy comparable to a trillion hydrogen bombs. While no such event has yet been witnessed from our sun, researchers are investigating whether it is capable of such an extreme outburst, and if so, when it might occur.
Yuta Notsu, an astrophysicist at the University of Colorado Boulder and one of the paper's authors, emphasised the necessity of evaluating low-probability, high-impact events to better gauge the risks posed by solar activity. He stated, “We are in the Space Age, so it’s crucial to estimate these events.”
To reach their conclusions, the research team utilised data from NASA’s retired Kepler space telescope, analysing over 56,000 sun-like stars. They discovered that roughly 1 in 20 produced superflares, a rate at least thirty times higher than earlier measurements suggested.
With this new understanding, scientists hope to refine their methods and improve the prediction of potential solar threats. As efforts continue, the findings underscore the importance of preparing for the unpredictable dynamics of our sun, keeping Earth and its inhabitants safe from possible solar disruptions in the future. —NYT
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