In the heart of Dhofar Governorate, where the rich tropical climate meets the Arabian Sea, a hidden treasure lies along the southern coast of Oman — seaweed. With an abundant variety thriving in the coastal areas of Mirbat, Sadah, and Taqa, the region presents a unique opportunity for the development of a sustainable seaweed industry.
Each summer, the southwest monsoon, known locally as "khareef," breathes life into the waters of the Dhofar coast, stirring up wave action and promoting nutrient-rich upwelling. This natural phenomenon allows the dominant macroalgae to flourish, providing a seasonal bounty that typically lasts until late November.
Recent studies illustrate the remarkable capacity of Omani waters to support substantial seaweed growth, particularly in upwelling regions. However, they also reveal a notable absence of macroalgae in the Sea of Oman compared to the denser and more diverse life found along the Arabian Sea. While high temperatures, salinity levels, and low nutrient availability pose challenges, surveys indicate the presence of over 400 species across brown, red, and green algae categories, most notably in tidal mud flats and mangrove ecosystems.
Globally, the seaweed market is booming, having skyrocketed to a staggering 35.8 million tonnes and valued at over $6 billion in 2019, driven mainly by Asia. Seaweed has made its mark across various sectors, from culinary uses to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The versatile marine plant is celebrated for its nutritional benefits, including essential dietary supplements and natural medications. Moreover, seaweed products such as alginates, carrageenans, and agar play critical roles in industries ranging from food to cosmetics.
In Oman, despite the thriving global seaweed farming industry — which accounts for 97% of production, primarily through aquaculture — local efforts seem to lag behind. With 80% of seaweed harvested going directly or indirectly toward human consumption, there is an immense opportunity to harness local marine resources for economic diversification. By leveraging sustainable farming practices, Oman could integrate seaweed cultivation into its existing aquaculture systems, promoting environmental stewardship and enhancing food security.
Beyond economic prospects, seaweed farming offers critical environmental benefits. It plays a vital role in carbon sequestration and supports the restoration of marine ecosystems. By adopting seaweed farming, Oman can contribute positively to climate action while also improving water quality and fostering marine biodiversity. As the world increasingly recognizes the benefits of seaweed, Oman has a strategic opportunity to develop a robust seaweed industry that aligns with national goals.
With proper investment and cultivation practices, the extensive coastline of the Dhofar Governorate could become a leader in sustainable seaweed production, creating jobs and innovative solutions for both economic and environmental challenges. The time is ripe for Oman to embrace the potential of seaweed. As the global market grows, the Omani coastline could become a beacon of sustainability, contributing to a greener economy and healthier marine ecosystems.
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