VALENZUELA CITY, Philippines — John Benvir Serag knocked on doors in the working-class neighborhood, wearing his pink “Youth Vote for Leni” T-shirt and holding a stack of flyers. He has spent nearly every day in the past month trying to explain to strangers why Leni Robredo is the best person to lead the Philippines.
“What are you looking for in a president?” Serag asked an older woman, before the country’s presidential election in May.
“Of course, someone who does not steal,” she responded.
“Right! Leni has no trace of corruption,” Serag said. “Also, she is not a thief.”
Anyone who made eye contact with the 26-year-old Serag in this neighborhood was an opening. Questions about her proposal for clean government? Needed more information about her plans for farmers and businesses?
In the past six years, many young people in the Philippines have grown increasingly disenchanted with President Rodrigo Duterte’s leadership: both his brutal war on drugs and his approach to the pandemic. They have watched men and boys being gunned down in the streets and experienced the mental toll from a prolonged shutdown of schools, two years and running.
In this election, many have come out in full force for Robredo, the country’s vice president, who is an outspoken critic of Duterte and a frequent target of his insults. They are facing long odds, with Robredo polling a far second behind the front-runner, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the only son and namesake of the late dictator.
They are also fighting a wave of disinformation that has recast the Marcos dictatorship as what supporters of the younger Marcos call a “golden age.” Some of their peers are swayed by YouTube videos that portray Marcos as a cool parent, while some among an older generation are nostalgic for strongman rule.
Presidential elections in the Philippines have long been a contest for the hearts of young Filipinos. This time, at least half of the record 65 million registered voters are between the ages of 18 and 30.
But they have rarely been marked by this level of passion and intensity. As of Feb. 25, 2 million volunteers had signed up for Robredo’s campaign, according to Barry Gutierrez, her spokesperson. Many of them are first-time voters or too young to vote. Her rallies have drawn tens of thousands of people.
“It’s like my mom’s a rock star every time she goes around, and this is something very surprising to us,” said Tricia Robredo, one of Robredo’s daughters. “Especially because we’ve been going off our experience the past six years where my mom has been very vilified online.”
Dozens of groups have sprouted up, combining their shared interests in K-pop and Taylor Swift with getting the vote out for Leni Robredo. The “Swifties4Leni” wear T-shirts with the hashtag #OnlyTheYoung, referencing Swift’s track about youth empowerment against the “big bad man and his big bad clan.”
Many of Robredo’s young supporters are united in their desire to prevent another Marcos from becoming president. Aside from the human rights abuses committed during his father’s 20-year rule, Marcos — who is known by his nickname, Bongbong — has been convicted of tax fraud, refused to pay his family’s estate taxes and misrepresented his education at Oxford University.
Robredo, a lawyer and an economist, beat Marcos narrowly in 2016 to win the vice presidency, which is separately elected from the presidency. She has vowed to stop the extrajudicial killings in the drug war. During the pandemic, she sent medical equipment to patients and dispatched supplies to frontliners. She has helped marginalized communities and is usually one of the first top officials to visit disaster-stricken sites.
Perhaps the biggest challenge facing Robredo’s young volunteers has been the wave of disinformation that has lionized the Marcos era and vilified Robredo as a communist. Spliced videos have also portrayed her as stuttering and unintelligent.
Tsek.ph, an independent fact-checking project in the Philippines, found that Marcos has benefited the most from disinformation this year, while Robredo has been its biggest victim so far. The group said that of more than 200 election-related posts it analyzed, 94% targeted Robredo; only 10% went after Marcos.
“It’s a little late for us to fight that disinformation,” said Serag, a junior high school teacher who goes by V.J. “But we’re still doing it, even if it’s a little too late. That’s what pushed me to be active.”
On a recent Thursday, Serag led a team of 20 other volunteers in the neighborhood of Gen T. de Leon, where posters of Marcos and his running mate, Sara Duterte, the president’s daughter, were plastered outside many homes.
Just a week before, several of Marcos’ supporters in the next neighborhood had dumped a bucket of water on them.
“What are you looking for in a president?” Serag asked a middle-aged woman who runs a stall.
“Someone who can help us find jobs,” the woman replied.
“Leni has set aside a budget of 100 million for small and medium enterprises and when it comes to employment —” Serag began, before he was cut off.
“Isn’t Leni a ‘yellow?’” the woman asked, referring to the “yellow” Liberal Party. The party of the Aquino family, which has produced two former presidents, has been seen by some as an elitist group that has failed to improve the lives of ordinary Filipinos.
“No, she’s independent,” Serag responded. He pressed on: “Even if we do away with the political colors, yellow or whatever, let’s think about what she really has done. She really has helped a lot of communities.”
The youth vote remains divided between Robredo and Marcos. Many young people remain big fans of Marcos — a survey has shown that 7 out of 10 Filipinos aged 18 to 24 want him to be president. The country’s textbooks dwell little on the atrocities of the Marcos era. Marcos’ young supporters say they enjoy watching his YouTube videos, which often feature his family in game-show segments.
One volunteer on Serag’s team, Jay Alquizar, 22, had a speaker blasting a rap and pop jingle touting Robredo’s achievements, which he carted through the streets. A group of teenage boys cycled past him. Some shouted Marcos’ initials: “BBM, BBM!”
Alquizar spoke into his microphone.
“We are not here for a fight; we just want to inspire you,” he said. “That is what we see as the young. You need to see that, too. Because the future is not only for you. It’s for the next generation.”
Alquizar said he was inspired, in part, by his grandfather, a former police officer, who was tortured during the Marcos regime after speaking out against human rights violations.
“The word ‘sorry’ from the Marcos family,” he said in an interview. “We just want to hear that from them.”
In past elections, the youths in the Philippines were mostly concerned about bread-and-butter issues such as jobs. They were often frustrated by the political dynasties that dominated the establishment but felt there was little they could do to change it. Youth turnout in the 2016 election was about 30%, compared with 82% for the general population.
Maria Tinao, 16, a high school student in the city of Caloocan, said she was always disillusioned about politics, believing officials had joined government just to enrich themselves. A self-professed “pageant fanatic,” she had been more focused on winning beauty contests and listening to K-pop than thinking about her country’s leaders.
Then in 2017, Kian Loyd delos Santos was shot twice in the head.
His death shook Tinao. He was 17. The police officers who shot him were found guilty of his murder.
In January, Tinao saw an interview with Robredo and was impressed. She started researching the vice president’s stance on the drug war. Although she was too young to vote, she wanted to work on swaying people who could.
“We want a change, a real change for this country,” Tinao said.
For the next few months, Tinao was relentless in talking about Robredo’s policies to her mother.
“I was annoyed at first,” said Monica Tinao, 43, a volunteer church worker, who was considering voting for Isko Moreno, the mayor of Manila.
But she remained curious about the appeal of Robredo. In March, she decided to attend a rally for the candidate. She saw the young volunteers distribute free food and water. Her daughter was in front of the stage.
That night, Monica Tinao, who lives in a neighborhood of Marcos supporters, found her daughter’s banner promoting Robredo and strung it up on her front gate.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
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